模具总体结构形式的确定
<DIV id=NewsContentLabel class=NewsContent>-冲模设计</A>时，首先要根据工艺方案选定-模具</A>类型（简单模、级进模或复合模），确定具体的模具总体结构形式。这是冲模设计的关键一步，它直接影响冲压件的品质，成本和冲压生产率。</SPAN><P></P>
<P class=样式1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">-模具</A>的结构形式很多，可根据冲压件的形状、尺寸、精度、材料性能和生产批量及冲压设备、模具加工条件、工艺方案等设计。在满足冲压件品质要求的前提下，力求模具结构简单、制造周期短、成本低、生产效率高、寿命长。</SPAN></P>
<P class=样式1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">确定-模具</A>结构形式的内容包括以下几个方面</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">：</SPAN></P>
<P class=样式1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">1)根据冲压件的形状和尺寸，确定凸、凹模的加工精度、结构形式和固定方法；</SPAN></P>
<P class=样式1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2)根据毛坯的特点、冲压件的精度和生产批量，确定定位、导料和挡料方式；</SPAN></P>
<P class=样式1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">3)根据工件和废料的形状、大小，确定进料、出件和排出废料的方式；</SPAN></P>
<P class=样式1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">4)根据板料的厚度和冲压件的精度要求，确定压料与卸料方式，压料或不压料，弹性卸料或刚性卸料；</SPAN></P>
<P class=样式1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">5)根据生产批量，确定操作方式：手工操作，自动或半自动操作；</SPAN></P>
<P class=样式1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">6)根据冲压件的特征和对模具寿命的要求，确定合理的模具加工精度，选取合理的导向方式和模具固定方式；</SPAN></P>
<P class=样式1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">7)根据所使用的-设备</A>，确定模具的安装与固定方式。</SPAN></P>
<P class=样式1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">注：表内数字为每年（单班）产量的概略（千件），供参考。</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt" class=样式3><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">级进模与复合模性能比较</SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt" class=样式3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><IMG border=0 src="http://www.chmcw.com/upload/news/RCL/13220_ewgwck090926951425572.jpg" width=611 height=267></SPAN></P>
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<P class=样式4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">比较项目</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">复合模</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">级进模</SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">冲压精度</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">高级和中级精度（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">～</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">级）</SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" class=样式4 width=189>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">中级和低级精度（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">～</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">级）</SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">制件形状特点</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> 零件的几何形状与尺寸受到模具结构与强度方面的限制</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> 可以加工复杂、特殊形状的制件，如宽度很小的异形件等</SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">制件品质</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> 由于压料冲裁同时得到校平，制件平正（不弯曲）且有较好的剪切断面</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> 中、小制件不平正（弯曲），高质量制件要求校平</SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">生产效率</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> </SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 236px; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.6pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" class=样式4>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> 制件被顶到模具工作面上，必须用或机械排除，生产效率稍低</SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; WIDTH: 142.05pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; HEIGHT: 14.6pt; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm" class=样式4 width=189>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> 工序间自动送料．可以自动排除工件，生产效率高</SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">使用高速自动压力机</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> 操作时出件困难．可能损坏弹簧缓冲机构．不作推荐</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> 在行程次数为每分钟</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US>400</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">次或更多的高速压力机上工作</SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">工作安全性</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">手需伸入模具的工作区．不安全，需采用安全的措施</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> 手不需伸人模具工作区，比较安全</SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">多排冲压法的应用</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang=EN-US><BR> </SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">很少采用</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">广泛用于尺寸较小的制件</SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 9pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">模具制造工作量和成本</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">冲裁复杂形状制件比级进模低</SPAN></P></TD>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">冲裁简单形状制件比复合模低</SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt" class=样式1><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 此外．在设计冲模时，还必须对其加工、维修、操作安全等方面予以注意。</SPAN></P>
<P class=样式1><SPAN lang=EN-US>1)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">大型、复杂形状的模具-零件</A>，加工困难时，应考虑采用镶拼结构，以利于加工。</SPAN></P>
<P class=样式1><SPAN lang=EN-US>2)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">模具结构应保证磨损后修磨方便；尽量做到不拆卸即可修磨工作零件；影响修磨而必须去掉的零件</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">如模柄等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，町做成易拆卸的结构．等等。</SPAN></P>
<P class=样式1><SPAN lang=EN-US>3)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">冲模的工作零件较多，而且使用寿命相差较大时，应将易损坏及易磨损的工作零件做成快换结构的形式，而且尽量做到可以分别调整和补偿易磨损件的相关尺寸。</SPAN></P>
<P class=样式1><SPAN lang=EN-US>4)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">需要经常修磨和调整的部分尽量放在模具的下部。</SPAN></P>
<P class=样式1><SPAN lang=EN-US>5)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">顷鞋较大的模填应有方便的起运孔或钩环等。</SPAN></P></SPAN></DIV>
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