刀具的几何参数
<DIV> （1）定义刀具角度的参考系：为了定义刀具切削部分的几何角度，需选定适当组合的基准坐标平面作为参考系。其中用于规定刀具设计、制造、刃磨和测量时几何参数的参考系称为刀具静止参考系，如图2-2所示。规定刀具进行切削加工时几何参数的参考系称为刀具工作参考系。 <BR> 刀具静止参考系的各平面名称、表示符号及定义见表2-1。</DIV><DIV>
<P align=center><IMG src="http://www.chmcw.com/upload/news/RCL/13220_ocbpqz.jpg" border=0></P>
<DIV> 图2-2 刀具静止参考系</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV> 表2-1刀具静止参考系的各方面。</DIV>
<TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width=55>
<DIV>名称</DIV></TD>
<TD vAlign=top width=48>
<DIV>符号</DIV></TD>
<TD vAlign=top width=465>
<DIV>定义</DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width=55>
<DIV>基面</DIV></TD>
<TD vAlign=top width=48>
<DIV>P<SUB>r</SUB></DIV></TD>
<TD vAlign=top width=465>
<DIV>通过切削刃上选定点，垂直于该点切削速度方向的平面。</DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width=55>
<DIV>切削平面</DIV></TD>
<TD vAlign=top width=48>
<DIV>P<SUB>s</SUB></DIV></TD>
<TD vAlign=top width=465>
<DIV>通过切削刃上的选定点，与切削刃相切，怯垂直于该点基面的平面。</DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width=55>
<DIV>正交平面</DIV></TD>
<TD vAlign=top width=48>
<DIV>P<SUB>o</SUB></DIV></TD>
<TD vAlign=top width=465>
<DIV>通过切削刃上的选定点，垂直于基面和切削平面的平面。</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width=55>
<DIV>法平面</DIV></TD>
<TD vAlign=top width=48>
<DIV>P­n</DIV></TD>
<TD vAlign=top width=465>
<DIV>通过切削刃上的选定点，且与切削刃垂直的平面。</DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width=55>
<DIV>假定工作平面</DIV></TD>
<TD vAlign=top width=48>
<DIV>P<SUB>f</SUB></DIV></TD>
<TD vAlign=top width=465>
<DIV>通过切削刃上的选定点，垂直与基面且平行与假定进给运动方向的平面。</DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width=55>
<DIV>背平面</DIV></TD>
<TD vAlign=top width=48>
<DIV>P<SUB>p</SUB></DIV></TD>
<TD vAlign=top width=465>
<DIV>通过切削刃上的选定点，且垂直于基面和假定工作平面的平面。</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''"> （</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">）刀具角度的定义：刀具角度是刀具在静止参考系中的一组角度，其名称，表示符号及定义见表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial">2-2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">。外圆车刀刀具角度见图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial">2-3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">。</SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p> 表2-2 刀具角度定义
<TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=564 border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD width=96 colSpan=2>
<DIV align=center>名称</DIV></TD>
<TD width=72>
<DIV align=center>符号</DIV></TD>
<TD width=396>
<DIV align=center>定义</DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width=28>
<DIV align=center>前角</DIV></TD>
<TD width=68>
<DIV align=center>前角法前角侧前角背前角</DIV></TD>
<TD width=72>
<DIV align=center>y<SUB>o</SUB></DIV>
<DIV align=center>y<SUB>n</SUB></DIV>
<DIV align=center>y<SUB>f</SUB></DIV>
<DIV align=center>y<SUB>p</SUB></DIV>
<DIV align=center><SUB></SUB> </DIV></TD>
<TD width=396>
<DIV align=center>定义：前到面A<SUB>r</SUB>与基面p<SUB>r</SUB>之间的夹角。在正交平面中测量、在法平面中测量、在假定工作平面中测量、在背平面中测量。</DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width=28>
<DIV align=center>后角</DIV></TD>
<TD width=68>
<DIV align=center>后角法后角侧后角背后角</DIV></TD>
<TD width=72>
<DIV align=center>a<SUB>o</SUB></DIV>
<DIV align=center>a<SUB>n</SUB></DIV>
<DIV align=center>a<SUB>f</SUB></DIV>
<DIV align=center><SUB>ap</SUB></DIV></TD>
<TD width=396>
<DIV align=center>定义：主后刀面A<SUB>a</SUB>与切削平面p<SUB>s</SUB>之间的夹角。早正交平面中测量、在法平面中测量、在假定工作平面中测量、在背平面中测量。</DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width=96 colSpan=2>
<DIV align=center>主偏角</DIV></TD>
<TD width=72>
<DIV align=center>k<SUB>r</SUB></DIV></TD>
<TD width=396>
<DIV align=center>主切削平面p<SUB>s</SUB>与假定工作平面p<SUB>f</SUB>之间的夹角，在基面p<SUB>r</SUB>中测量。</DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width=96 colSpan=2>
<DIV align=center>到尖角</DIV></TD>
<TD width=72>
<DIV align=center>ε<SUB>r</SUB></DIV></TD>
<TD width=396>
<DIV align=center>主切削平面p<SUB>s</SUB>与副切削平面p′<SUB>s</SUB>之间的夹角，在基面p<SUB>r</SUB>中测量。</DIV></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD width=96 colSpan=2>
<DIV align=center>刀倾角</DIV></TD>
<TD width=72>
<DIV align=center>λ<SUB>s</SUB></DIV></TD>
<TD width=396>
<DIV align=center>主切削刃与基面p<SUB>r</SUB>间的夹角，在主切削平面p<SUB>s</SUB>中测量。</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">注：表中所列角度都只是过主切削刃选定点的角度（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">εr</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">除外），过副切削刃选顶点的响应角度可仿照定义，并在角度符号右上角加一撇</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">“′”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">以示区别，例如车刀副偏为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">k′r</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，副后角为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">a′o</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> （</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）刀具角度的换算：制造或刃磨刀具时常需在不同坐标平面间进行刀具角度换算。各坐标平面间刀具角度的换算关系见表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">2-3</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">
<P align=left><IMG src="http://www.chmcw.com/upload/news/RCL/13220_7wnlhu.jpg" border=0></P>
<DIV> 表2-3 刀具角度的换算关系</DIV></SPAN></DIV>
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