HEATS 发表于 2010-9-12 10:32:54

高速加工领域的新理念

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这些理念几乎对每个读者都是新的。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">500,000 r/min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">进行微细铣削加工</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = O /><O:P></O:P></SPAN> <SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">对表面位置误差的理解</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN> <SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">超越蠕墨铸铁中的速度极限</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">给有关手册一只援手</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></O:P></SPAN> </FONT></P>
<DIV class=Tuf909><FONT size=2>&nbsp;</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=2>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<P class=Tuf909 align=center><FONT size=2><IMG height=168 src="http://news.mechnet.com.cn/upload/0812162140213579.bmp" width=250 onload=javascript:resizepic(this) border=0></FONT></P>
<DIV class=Tuf909><FONT size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这些主题包括微观加工和宏观加工之间的区别;单单来自主轴的各种尺寸误差;通过对刀具进行根本改变而实现对难加工金属进行快速切削的机会;专门针对高速加工计算参数的软件。这些选择加在一起,为可能影响高速加工在将来的应用方式的研究和创新提供了一些特定方式样板。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN> <FONT color=#ffffff>.cnfnc.com 中国数控之家</FONT> </FONT></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这些文章是依据可接近性而排列的。第一篇文章中所介绍的研究对象,即开发一个转速达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">500,000 r/min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的微型主轴,可以证明是最具</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">野心</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的一种目标。同时它也是距离实现任何实用生产应用最遥远的目标。通过对比,最后一篇文章中所描述的编程员的新工具代表了一种戏剧性效果较低的开发</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">……</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">但是它是现在就可以应用的一种开发。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><STRONG><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt">以</SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">500,000 r/min</FONT></SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt">进行微细铣削加工</SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></STRONG> </FONT></P>
<P class=Tuf909><FONT size=2>数控技术<SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">研究者旨在开发一种可以解释宏观和微观加工之间差异的主轴。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN> </FONT></P>
<P class=Tuf909 align=center><FONT size=2>&nbsp;<IMG height=250 src="http://news.mechnet.com.cn/upload/0812162140352307.bmp" width=163></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">对于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">微细</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">零部件方面的发展趋势,看看宏观世界就可以知道。以常规尺寸进行制造首先用于制造静止的目标。只有在稍后的时间它才用来制造运动组件中的零件。类似地,微细制造也是从静止物体开始向微型机械中的零部件发展的。</SPAN> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">但是这些微型移动部件的设计和属性是受到严格限制的。它们的生产如今一般涉及成层建造,即微型石版印刷术。因此材料的选择包括硅或溅射金属,几何形状限于可以通过分层堆叠而形成的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2&frac12;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">维形状。为什么设计者不可以用从实心钢加工的三维几何形状指定微观零件呢?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这个问题的答案主要在于速度或者说缺少速度。微细刀具需要较高的转速来实现高效切削速度及生产性金属去除率。对高效三维铣削需要多高速度所进行的分析表明,该数值大约为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">500,000r/min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">对这个数字本身而言并不是很高。牙医的牙钻速度可以达到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">300,000 r/min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">。但是牙医的牙钻跳动可能达到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">微米。在微细铣削中,这么高的跳动相当于切屑厚度的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">倍左右。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN>&nbsp; </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><FONT color=#ffffff>.</FONT><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这种与牙医的牙钻所进行的比较是佛罗里达州</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Gainesville</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">市佛罗里达大学机床研究中心的教授</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">John Ziegert</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">提出来的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ziegert</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">博士正负责</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">500,000 r/min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">主轴的设计和结构,这种主轴将可以铣削钢及类似金属以形成几百微米数量级的复杂特征。这种主轴将采用直径为</SPAN><?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = ST1 /><ST1:CHMETCNV w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue=".01" unitname="英寸"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.010</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">英寸</SPAN></ST1:CHMETCNV><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">及以下,现在一般只用于诸如铝、石墨和塑料等软材料中加工简单特征的刀具。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN> </FONT></P>
<DIV class=Tuf909><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 该大学正在实验其第一个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">500,000 r/min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的实际产品。如果证明该主轴可以可靠地进行切削,则会被送往</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Sandia</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">国家实验室进行加工试验。通过其微观系统研究项目,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Sandia</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">已经具备了制造直径小至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">25</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">微米的铣刀的能力。过去对这种刀具进行的实验一直限于速度不超出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">30,000 r/min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的主轴。这么低的速度允许的进给速度最好以每小时若干英寸表示,仅</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5~</FONT><ST1:CHMETCNV w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="14" unitname="英寸"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN lang=EN-US>英寸</SPAN></SPAN></ST1:CHMETCNV><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">小时。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN>&nbsp; </FONT></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><STRONG><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt">微观与宏观</SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></STRONG> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">开发主轴的大部分工作涉及调研在微细加工方面所进行的已经形成文献资料的研究以及吸收这种早期工作所得到的教训。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ziegert</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">博士说这种调研所得出的两个重要结论说明了微观加工和宏观加工的区别。</SPAN></FONT></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">首先,刀具故障模式是不同的。在常规尺寸加工中,刀具会磨损。但是在用微尺寸刀具进行加工时,最终结果更可能是刀具破损。对小刀具而言,在发生比较明显的刀刃磨损之前,很容易就达到其弯曲强度极限。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">第二个差异是微型加工中的切屑厚度一般小于刀刃半径。这一点与正常尺寸的加工差异很大,其中切屑的厚度比刀具的刀刃半径要大好多倍,即使在较轻的精加工过程中也是如此。如果微型加工中切屑厚度仅仅按比例推算大小,则切削力将很容易超出刀具的弯曲强度。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">切屑厚度小于刀刃半径的结果是由微型铣刀明显为负的前倾角决定的。有效的前倾角可能为负</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">50</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">度。或者甚至可以比此数值更大。这么大的负前倾角增加了切屑产生的切削力,这样就进一步需要减少切屑厚度。所产生的切屑负荷如此轻,因此一个非常高的主轴转速可以将</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“ipr”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(转速)转换成生产性的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“ipm”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(切削速度)。</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P></O:P></SPAN></FONT></SPAN> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><O:P><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></O:P></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ziegert</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">博士对这些与弯曲强度及切屑厚度有关的问题所进行的分析,正是导致他得出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">500,000r/min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的估计转速的原因所在。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><STRONG><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt">无刀夹</SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></STRONG>&nbsp;<STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></O:P></SPAN></STRONG>&nbsp; </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">佛罗里达大学设计的速度这么高的主轴采用切削刀具的刀柄做主轴的轴。而受速度不断增加的摩擦轮的驱动,刀具会比该组件任何其它部件都转得更快。</SPAN> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ziegert</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">博士说,没有任何其它解决方案会使主轴达到所要求的低跳动。常规的铣削主轴采用刀夹使刀具成为主主轴的加长体。但是没有任何刀夹夹紧机构</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">—</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">弹簧夹头、热收缩配合</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">—</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">可以将微型刀具保持足够同心,从而可以在硬金属中进行精确的三维铣削加工。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2>&nbsp;<SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">相反,刀柄在客户空气轴承中单独自转。驱动摩擦轮的主轴以刀具速度的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1/10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">左右运转,以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">50,000r/min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">传送</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.01 Nm</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的转矩</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ziegert</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">博士说,他可以从经验中指出微观和宏观加工之间一种更根本的差异。在微观加工中,如果不借助有关设施,人眼或人耳无法确定刀具何时已经破损。一把在(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">小时的)循环一开始就断裂的刀具有可能不会一断裂就被发现,很可能要等到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">小时循环周期过后才被发觉。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN> </FONT></P>
<DIV class=Tuf909><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">因此,这种主轴另一个关键元件是连续监视加工力的三轴传感器。为了让微型加工主轴可以高效进行加工,需要一个安全</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">警卫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">来确保刀具时刻处于切削过程中。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><STRONG><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt">对表面位置误差的理解</SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></STRONG>&nbsp; </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">将转速改变几百</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">r/min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,刀具的有效切削半径就可能会发生变化。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN> <SPAN class=Tuf909>数控,机床,模具设计,数控车床,数控技术</SPAN>&nbsp;<SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></O:P></SPAN> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">许多以高主轴转速进行铣削加工的车间都可以理解为什么转速方面很少的变化可以导致切深的巨大改善。这种解释与颤振、以及高速主轴在转速范围某些窄窄的区域发生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">谐振</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的趋势有关。挑选一个对应于这些稳定区域之一且颤振会消失的转速,让刀具可以进行较高切深加工。</SPAN><FONT color=#ffffff>数</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">但是即使是那些对以这种方式避免颤振很熟悉的车间也会遇到相关的危险。不再颤振的刀具却依然在振动。实际上,当颤振消失后,刀具趋向于以甚至更高的振幅发生振动,因为低颤振主轴速度发生在系统本质上趋向于振动的那些</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">自然频率</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">上。而这种振动则有可能影响刀具的切削直径</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">换言之,大量跳动可能仅仅来源于主轴转速。以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13,000r/min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">铣削到</SPAN><ST1:CHMETCNV w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue=".065" unitname="英寸"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.065</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">英寸</SPAN></ST1:CHMETCNV><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">厚的薄壁,如果以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14,000r/min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">铣削,则可能只有</SPAN><ST1:CHMETCNV w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue=".061" unitname="英寸"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.061</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">英寸</SPAN></ST1:CHMETCNV><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">厚,因为振动在两侧增加了</SPAN><ST1:CHMETCNV w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue=".002" unitname="英寸"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.002</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">英寸</SPAN></ST1:CHMETCNV><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的误差。在两种情况下,机床、刀具及刀具路径都是一样的。只是主轴速度发生了变化,而仅此就足以引起加工后的表面产生不同的景象。这种现象被称作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">表面位置误差</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><FONT size=2><STRONG><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt">误差的避免</SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></O:P></SPAN></STRONG> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96; mso-outline-level: 1" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这种现象本来一直存在,只不过是高速加工使它引起了人们的关注。上面例举的薄壁实例是比较现实的,这一点有若干原因。首先,车间习惯于认为他们自己的低颤振速度有助于为飞机行业提供服务,加工实心铝薄壁零件。其次,实例中的误差数量级</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">—</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">针对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1,000r/min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的转速变化发生</SPAN><ST1:CHMETCNV w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue=".002" unitname="英寸"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.002</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">英寸</SPAN></ST1:CHMETCNV><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的误差</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">—</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">是一种在对高速铣削代表性设备进行的试验中测得的典型误差。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96; mso-outline-level: 1" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">有一个研究机床表面位置误差的研究者名叫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Philip Bayly</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">,他是密苏里州的圣路易斯华盛顿大学的一名机械工<ST1:PERSONNAME w:st="on" productid="程">程</ST1:PERSONNAME>教授。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Bayly</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">博士及这里的其他人员正在开发一种称作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">时间有限元分析</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的研究方法,这种方法可以同时预测稳定性和表面位置误差。对于主轴和刀具给定的组合,这种时间有限元分析法可以用来找出使稳定性最高而误差最低的最佳主轴速度。以前也可以进行这种预测,但是时间有限元分析法却可以进行足够快的计算,快得可以将分析在一天中就结合到在车间运行的软件中。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96; mso-outline-level: 1" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">但是即使没有这种软件,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Bavly</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">博士说车间也依然可以控制误差。这种误差的一个特征是,它趋向于发生在一个甚至比无颤振稳定加工范围还要更窄的转速范围。这意味着,简单地通过调高</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">低发生误差的速度设置,就可以避免误差,却依然保持无颤振。改变</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">100</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">200r/min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">可能就足够了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN>&nbsp; </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96; mso-outline-level: 1" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">最重要的一步是在发生误差时,简单地将它识别出来。尽管将尺寸误差归罪于装夹或一些其它更加熟悉的变化源比较容易,但是在严格控制的过程中发生故障其可能原因却更可能是因为主轴速度引起的。</SPAN>&nbsp;<SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN>&nbsp; <FONT color=#ffffff>www.cnfnc.com 中国数控之家</FONT> </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><O:P><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<IMG height=108 src="http://news.mechnet.com.cn/upload/0812162140527645.bmp" width=250></FONT></O:P></SPAN>&nbsp; </FONT></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><O:P><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></O:P></SPAN>&nbsp; </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.65pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96; mso-outline-level: 1" align=left><FONT size=2><STRONG><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt">超越蠕墨铸铁中的转速极限</SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></STRONG> </FONT></P>
<P>&nbsp;</P><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">回转式刀片加工方面的进步可能对其它难加工材料带来了一定启示</SPAN><FONT color=#ffffff>床,数控</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></O:P></SPAN> </FONT>
<DIV class=Tuf909><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">对蠕墨铸铁(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CGI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">)早期进行的加工实验表明,在当今的刀具技术条件下,不能采用特别高的切削速度。而对于灰铸铁,由于其中存在硫,因此可以进行比较快的切削。金属中的硫可以产生一层</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MnS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">(硫化锰),在加工过程中,它可以对刀具起到润滑作用。但是在蠕墨铸铁中,没有硫,因此就不存在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MnS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的作用。没有这种润滑作用,在蠕墨铸铁中当今还无法期待实现超出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">500 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">平方英寸</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">分钟的切削速度。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN> </FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=Tuf909><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></O:P></SPAN>&nbsp; </FONT></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96; mso-outline-level: 1" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">但是如果刀具的切削行为发生改变,那么确实可以实现更快的切削。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN>&nbsp;<SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></O:P></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96; mso-outline-level: 1" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">在过去多年的时间里,(位于密执安州</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Chesterfield</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">市的)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cincinnati Lamb</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">公司的研究者们已经通过采用回转刀片式刀具在加工蠕墨铸铁的铣削效率方面取得了巨大改善。在回转刀片式刀具中,每个切削刀片都安装在一个轴承上,因此刀片可以自由自转。利用这种刀具设计,该公司已经在蠕墨铸铁加工中实现了超出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3,000</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">平方英寸</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">分钟的速度,而采用相同的陶瓷刀片材料在比较常规的刀体上却被限于较慢的转速。刀具寿命也发生了成正比的改善。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96; mso-outline-level: 1" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cincinnati Lamb</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">公司工程经理</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">George Georgiou</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">指出,这种刀具工作的方式与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">世纪以来所采用的金属加工方式不同。对于标准铣刀,加工涉及给工件材料施加过强的力量以剪切掉切屑,让能量损失转换成热。回转刀片式刀具增加了该过程刀片的回转,因此某些能量花费在驱动回转方面。降低切削中的热量可以保护刀具,并改善其性能。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P></O:P></SPAN>&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96; mso-outline-level: 1" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">刀具设计本身不是一种新技术。回转刀片式刀具已经问世很长时间,在某些场合用于加工灰铸铁,延长刀具寿命。但是,对于大多数零件,这种刀具设计已经成了试图发现某个问题的一种解决方案。配备精密轴承的刀体其成本一般无法通过刀具可以提供的工艺改善而带来的价值加以抵消。但在蠕墨铸铁中所带来的改善程度却是一个例外。</SPAN><STRONG><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt">更高功率</SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体"><O:P><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></O:P></SPAN></STRONG>&nbsp; </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96; mso-outline-level: 1" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Georgiou</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">先生说,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cincinnati Lamb</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">公司及其它金属加工供应商当前给予蠕墨铸铁的关注直接与柴油发动机的生产量提高有关。各种汽车制造商都设想重新给美国客车市场推出柴油发动机,因为这种发动机结构在燃料方面具有更高的经济性。而蠕墨铸铁使得燃料方面的经济性甚至更高。与灰铸铁相比,用蠕墨铸铁制成的发动机能以更小的体积提供相同的功率。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96; mso-outline-level: 1" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这种材料所具备的高强度使得这一点成为可能,但是同样是这种特征使得该材料很难加工。由于需要较高的力,因此</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cincinnati Lamb</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">公司在切削蠕墨铸铁方面所取得的成功不仅依赖于回转刀片式刀具,同时还归功于高功率、高刚性的机床。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96; mso-outline-level: 1" align=left>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96; mso-outline-level: 1" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">公司如今的目标是改善回转刀片式刀具的结构。这一点被看作是实现更加实用的蠕墨铸铁铣削过程所面临的主要技术挑战。轴承套筒给刀具带来了一种全新的磨损元件,因此对这种套筒的新结构进行实验的工程师们将目标放在取得更长和更加一致的使用寿命上。同时,工程师们正努力降低刀具的最小尺寸。当前的回转刀片式刀具可以加工直径小至</SPAN><ST1:CHMETCNV w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3" unitname="英寸"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">英寸</SPAN></ST1:CHMETCNV><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的孔。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cincinnati Lamb</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">公司希望将该极限至少降低到</SPAN><ST1:CHMETCNV w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="英寸"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">英寸</SPAN></ST1:CHMETCNV><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96; mso-outline-level: 1" align=left>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96; mso-outline-level: 1" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">所有针对回转刀片式刀具的改善提出的一个希望是,它将不仅导致在汽车行业盈利,同时在其它应用中也如此。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Georgiou</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">先生说:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">没有任何理论方面的理由表明这种概念无法用于钛、铬镍铁合金、耐高热镍基合金、金属矩阵复合材料以及过去很难加工的其它材料。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN></FONT><A href="http://www.mechnet.com.cn" >【MechNet】</a></p>
               
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