塑料的单刃切削

HEATS 发表于 2010-9-12 10:52:59

用单刃刀具加工塑料称塑料的单刃切削，主要有车、刨、刮、无齿锯加工等。单刃切削各种塑料工件所使用的刀具类型和用途见表1。刀具的刀杆部分的材料为普通结构钢，而切削部分可用碳素工具钢、合金工具钢、高速钢、硬质合金、陶瓷材料或金刚石等制造。
表1 车刀的基本类型及用途
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名称</TD>
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简图和用途</TD>
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名称</TD>
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简图和用途</TD></TR>
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直头外圆车刀</TD>
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镗   刀</TD>
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车外圆、倒角</TD>
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镗孔，多用于镗盲孔；切轴肩、凸台等</TD></TR>
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弯头外圆车刀</TD>
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切断刀</TD>
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车外圆、车端面、倒角</TD>
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断刀、切槽</TD></TR>
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900偏刀</TD>
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精车刀</TD>
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车外圆、车台阶，多用于细长轴</TD>
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精车外圆</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
(一) 热塑性塑料的单刃加工
常用的热塑性塑料有聚酯树脂、酚醛树脂、氨基树脂和环氧树脂等，它们大多具有类似玻璃和陶瓷的高脆性，切削时常常形成挤裂切屑和单元切屑，在切削时极易产生裂纹和表面凹坑。因此，为避免裂纹和凹坑的出现，希望获得连续的切屑。连续的切屑表现为切屑长度较长、透明且表面无断口，它仅在小进给量、零前角或小的负前角以及中等以上的切削速度下获得。
1．切削工艺特点
与其它材料相比，热塑性塑料的切削特点如下：
(1) 切削力小  实验证明，在相同的切削条件下，切削45钢的主切削力Fz是切削热塑性塑料的14倍，切削热固性塑料的主切削力Fz是切削热塑性塑料的2倍。
(2) 导热系数小，切削区域温度低  由于切削力小，所以切削所消耗的功也少，产生的热量少。但由于塑料的导热系数仅是钢材的1/175～1/458，相应的，切削区域温度有所提高，但和钢材的切削比起来是很低的。
(3) 断屑难  在车削热塑性塑料时，通常形成带状切屑，它往往缠绕在工件和刀具上，有时会挤压成硬团，在车刀由刀架伸出量较小的情况下它将压向工件，影响加工精度，甚至使切削工作不能进行，因而必须及时排出。
(4)  弹性模量小  热塑性塑料的弹性模量仅是普通碳钢的1%，是热固性塑料的80%，切削时在切削力的作用下产生的弹性变形较大。
(5)  线膨胀系数大  热塑性塑料的线膨胀系数是热固性塑料和钢材的四倍。在高速切削时，必须考虑加工后的工件收缩量，尤其是用尺寸刀具切削时。
(6)  熔点低  热塑性塑料熔点低，切削时，切削区域内的温度达不到熔点时就开始变软，使被加工材料粘附于刀具的前刀面和后刀面上，影响正常切削；同时，由于材料的软化，造成材料的涂抹现象，影响表面的光滑程度并有时使已加工表面产生裂纹。
为了提高刀具的使用寿命和降低切削温度，最好是研磨刀具的前刀面和后刀面，或者在前、后刀面上涂耐热耐磨材料。经过研磨的前刀面和后刀面，不但减少了摩擦、降低了切削温度，而且可以使切屑顺利排出。
2．刀具前角的选择
切削各种塑料的合理前角(Front rake angle)应根据下述原则来选择：
(1) 首先要保证已加工表面质量  如果被切削的塑料熔点低时，则应采用较大的前角。否则由于前角小，切削区域内的温度高，被切削的材料容易软化，致使已加工表面产生抹糊现象而降低加工质量。
(2)不同的加工要求时合理前角不同  精加工时，要求刀具刃口锋利，振动小，为此应选择较大的前角。粗加工时，由于切除切屑的截面积较大，产生的切削力相对也大，应选择较小的前角，一般为0º～10º。
(3) 不同塑料品种的刀具前角应有区别  车削热塑性塑料时，尽管它们的品种不同，但前角变化不大。一般塑料的切削，如要形成不连续切屑，则选择较小的前角。
(4)成形车刀要选择较小的前角  用成形车刀车削成型塑料工件时，为了防止车刀刃形畸变，必须取较小的前角才能保证加工精度。
车削热塑性塑料的刀具前角取临界前角值。临界前角值一般为15º～20º。
3．后角α0的选择
后角(relief angle)α0的选择原则：
(1)首先考虑加工表面质量。后角越大，表面质量越好，在其他因素允许的情况下，应尽量选取较大的后角。
(2)被加工塑料线膨胀系数越大，选用的后角α0应越大，这样可以避免由于加工表面膨胀而与后刀面摩擦严重。
(3)粗加工时，为了提高刃口强度和散热面积应选用较小的后角，精加工则选用较大的后角。
4．切削用量的选择
选择合理的切削用量，要考虑被加工材料性质，加工性质（粗加工或精加工），工件的刚性，刀具材料的性质等。
 (二) 热固性塑料的单刃加工
车削酚醛、环氧、氨基等热固性塑料时，其工艺过程和基本规律和车削热塑性塑料大致相同。但是热固性塑料有其独特的特性，尤其是有玻璃纤维基材的塑料，其强度近于金属，所以又有些不同于热塑性塑料的车削，具有如下特点：
(1) 一般情况下热固性塑料比热塑性塑料耐热温度高，并且受压不变形。
(2) 热固性塑料的线膨胀系数仅是热塑性塑料的1/5，所以加工过程中可以不考虑切削热对工件加工精度的影响。
(3) 纤维增强的塑料在切削时刀具受力大，使刀具寿命下降，限制了切削速度的提高。
(4) 热固性塑料强度大、硬度高、磨料磨损严重和热导率低，切削区域的温度比热塑性的高。
(5) 车削某些热固性塑料时，由于切削区域的温度非常高，切削时除了采用高速钢、硬质合金刀具材料外，还要根据被加工材料性质，利用金刚石或陶瓷刀具。但陶瓷材料弯曲强度和抗冲击性能差，为了增强刀具的刃口强度，其前角和后角都要取小值，一般取γ0=0º～5º，α0=12º。

车削热固性塑料可选如下切削用量：进给量f<0.05mm/r，切削速度v>40m/min，背吃刀量αP=0.5─0.8mm；刀具前角γ0=0°-5°，主偏角kr≥45°，后角α0=3°-6°，刀具磨钝标准VB＝0.2-0.3mm。车削的经验性数据见表2。
表2 车削塑料用切削参数参考表

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工作材料</TD>
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刀具材料</TD>
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前角γ（º）</TD>
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后角α（º）</TD>
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表面切削速度m/min</TD>
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进给量(mm/r)</TD>
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背吃刀量(mm)</TD></TR>
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酚醛或氨基塑料</TD>
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K类</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 44.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.25pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=60>
14</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 44.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.25pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=60>
12</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 74.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.25pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=99>
100</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 67.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.25pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=90>
0.1</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 56pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.25pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=75>
1～5</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 11.75pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 79.85pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=106>
硬质聚氯乙烯</TD>
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K类</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 44.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=60>
20</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 44.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=60>
10</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 74.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=99>
600</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 67.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=90>
0.2～0.5</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 56pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=75>
1～5</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 11.25pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 79.85pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.25pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=106>
硝化纤维</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 40.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.25pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=54>
K类</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 44.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.25pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=60>
0</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 44.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.25pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=60>
15</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 74.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.25pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=99>
200</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 67.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.25pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=90>
0.1～0.6</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 56pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.25pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=75>
1～5</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 10.75pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 79.85pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 10.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=106>
聚酰胺</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 40.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 10.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=54>
P类</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 44.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 10.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=60>
0～5</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 44.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 10.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=60>
8～15</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 74.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 10.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=99>
150～200</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 67.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 10.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=90>
0.1～0.2</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 56pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 10.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=75>
1～5</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 10.3pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 79.85pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 10.3pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=106>
聚碳酸酯</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 40.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 10.3pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=54>
K类</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 44.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 10.3pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=60>
0～5</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 44.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 10.3pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=60>
15</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 74.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 10.3pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=99>
150～450</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 67.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 10.3pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=90>
0.3～0.5</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 56pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 10.3pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=75>
1～5</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 9.75pt">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 79.85pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 9.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=106>
胶纸板</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 40.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 9.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=54>
K类</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 44.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 9.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=60>
15</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 44.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 9.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=60>
8</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 74.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 9.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=99>
50～80</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 67.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 9.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=90>
0.2～0.4</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 56pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 9.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=75>
1～5</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 11.05pt; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 79.85pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.05pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" vAlign=top width=106 rowSpan=2>
胶布板</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 40.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.05pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=54>
K类</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 44.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.05pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=60>
15</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 44.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.05pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=60>
4～8</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 74.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.05pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=99>
50～150</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 67.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.05pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=90>
0.1～0.6</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 56pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 11.05pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=75>
1～5</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 15.85pt; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 40.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 15.85pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=54>
P类</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 44.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 15.85pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=60>
20</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 44.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 15.85pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=60>
6</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 74.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 15.85pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=99>
30～50</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 67.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 15.85pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=90>
0.2～0.3</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 56pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 15.85pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width=75>
1～5</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

车削热固性塑料时，由于切屑和前刀面的接触面积小，正压力也小，摩擦力小，并且为了提高刀具的刃口强度，所以采用的γ0通常要比车削热塑性塑料小些。前角γ0对刀具耐用度T的影响如图1所示。
<IMG height=239 src="http://news.mechnet.com.cn/upload/0903152210567965.bmp" width=470>
图1 前角γ0对耐用度T的影响            图2 后角α0对车刀耐用度T的影响
后角α0的大小影响加工表面质量和刀具耐用度。后角小时，后刀面对加工表面摩擦大，使已加工表面质量恶化，在切削酚醛胶纸、棉布和玻璃纤维层压塑料时，有起毛的现象；同时，由于加工表面对刀具的磨损大，刀具耐用度也下降。图2是后角α0对车刀耐用度T的影响。<A href="http://www.mechnet.com.cn" >【MechNet】</a>

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磨削技术网's Archiver

塑料的单刃切削