[转帖]高速高效磨削加工工艺及其设备
<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">在机械加工领域，切削、磨削加工是应用最广泛的加工方法。其发展总趋势是高效、高精度、高柔性和强化环保意识。提高磨削加工效率一直是磨削领域所关注的重要目标。目前，磨削加工的应用研究方向是提高表面质量和高速、高效。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">1</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">．高速高效磨削加工工艺</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">高效磨削包括超高速磨削、高效深磨、缓进给磨削和砂带磨削。高效磨削的各种磨削工艺效率和磨削用量范围如表</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">1</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">所示。高效磨削技术的推广应用将大幅度提高生产效率和加工质量，并降低成本。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">（</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">1</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">）超高速磨削</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">超高速磨削时，砂轮线速度大于</span><chmetcnv wst=\"on\" tcsc=\"0\" numbertype=\"1\" negative=\"False\" hasspace=\"False\" sourcevalue=\"150\" unitname=\"m\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">150m</span></chmetcnv><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">/s</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">。在超高速磨削加工过程中，保持其它参数不变，随着砂轮速度的大幅提高，单位时间内磨削区域的磨粒数增加，每颗磨粒切下的磨屑厚度变小，则超高速磨削时每颗磨粒切削厚度变薄。实验表明其截面积仅为普通磨削条件下的几十分之一，这导致每颗磨粒承受的磨削力大大变小，总磨削力也大大下降。超高速磨削时磨粒在磨削区上的移动速度和工件的进给速度均大大加快，加上应变率响应的温度滞后的影响，会使工件表面磨削温度有所降低，因而能越过容易发生磨削烧伤的区域，而极大扩展了磨削工艺参数的应用范围。超高速磨削可以大幅度提高磨削效率，延长砂轮寿命和改善表面粗糙度。超高速磨削可以对硬脆性材料实现磨削，对高塑性等难磨材料也有良好的磨削表现。同时由于超高速磨削缩短了加工时间，因而减少了能量的消耗，降低了噪声的污染。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">（</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">2</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">）高效深磨</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">在高效深磨技术中，砂轮的速度为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">100</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">250m/s</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">，进给速度为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">0.5</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">10m/min</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">，切深为</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">0.1</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">30mm</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">。高效深磨是缓进给磨削和超高速磨削的结合。高效深磨可以通过一个磨削行程，同时完成车、铣、磨等多道工序组成的粗精加工过程，获得远高于普通磨削加工的金属去除率，表面质量也可达到普通磨削水平。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">（</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">3</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">）缓进给磨削</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">缓进给磨削是采用增大磨削深度、降低进给速度、形成砂轮与工件有较大的接触面积和高的速度比，达到高的金属磨除率目的。缓进给磨削是一种能够快速磨去大量材料并加工出精密零件的加工方法。缓进给磨削与铣削过程相似，切削深度远远大于普通平面磨削。缓进给磨削深度一般在</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">2.5</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">～</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">6<chmetcnv wst=\"on\" tcsc=\"0\" numbertype=\"1\" negative=\"False\" hasspace=\"False\" sourcevalue=\".35\" unitname=\"mm\">.35mm</chmetcnv></span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">之间。这样的磨削深度和砂轮与工件之间大的接触面积抑制了加工振动的产生，使所磨削的零件表面质量大大优于其他磨削工艺方法。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">（</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">4</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">）砂带磨削</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">砂带磨削工艺是将环形砂带套在接触轮和张紧轮的外圆上。在张紧状态下，使高速旋转的砂带表面与工件的加工表面相接触，并在一定的压力作用下，产生的相对摩擦运动对工件表面进行磨削加工的一种工艺方法。砂带磨削效率是铣削的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">10</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">倍，普通砂轮磨削的</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">5</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">至</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">20</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">倍。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">2</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">．高速高效磨削设备</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">（</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">1</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">）高速高效磨削用砂轮</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">高速高效磨削砂轮的特点是耐磨性好、动平衡度和抗裂性高、阻尼特性和导热性良好。其机械强度能承受高速、超高速磨削时所产生的切削力。高速高效磨削砂轮可以用刚玉、碳化硅、</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">CBN</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">、金刚石磨料等制成。结合剂可以使用陶瓷、树脂或金属结合剂等。砂轮的结构必须有利于磨粒分裂，以保证砂轮在整个使用过程中保持锋利要达到砂轮自锐的目的，除了应尽量降低结合剂的比例外，还要优化磨粒的空间分布。在进行某些高速磨削过程中，要求保持高的磨削效率和良好的磨削质量。砂轮修整是决定磨削质量的关键因素之一，不同的修整方法具有不同的特点，应用中需考虑综合加工条件、工件材料、砂轮材料等因素，以选择最佳修整方案。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">（</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">2</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">）高速主轴</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">高速高效磨削用主轴单元的性能，在很大程度上决定了高速磨床所能达到的最高磨削速度极限。因此，为实现高速高效磨削，对砂轮驱动和轴承转速往往要求很高。主轴的高速化要求主轴有足够的刚度、回转精度高、热稳定性好、可靠、功能消耗低、使用寿命长等。要满足这些要求，主轴的制造及动平衡、主轴的支撑、主轴系统的润滑和冷却以及系统的刚性等是非常重要的。为减小由于磨削速度的提高而增加的动态力，要求砂轮主轴及主轴电动机系统运行极其精确，且振动极小。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">（</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">3</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">）高速高效磨床</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">高速高效磨削用的磨床具有很高的主轴转速和功率、高度自动化和可靠的磨削过程，还具有高精度、高阻尼、高抗振性和热稳定性等特点。高速高效磨床应尽可能组合多种磨削功能，以实现在一台磨床上能完成所有的磨削工序。其工作台要求有很高的进给速度和运动加速度。磨床支撑构件是砂轮架、头架、尾架、工作台等部件的支撑基础件，应具有良好的静刚度、动刚度和热刚度。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">（</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">4</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">）高速高效用磨削液</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">在高速条件下，为了实现对磨削区的冷却，冲走切屑，喷注的磨削液必须有足够的动能，以冲破砂轮周围的高速气流，使磨削液抵达磨削区，因此，磨削液的流量、压力应比普通磨床成倍增加。选择正确的磨削液注入方法可以增加磨削液进入磨削区的有效部分，提高冷却和润滑效果，改善工件质量和减少砂轮磨损。磨削液的过滤系统应具有高过滤精度，以保证磨削工件的表面质量，提高磨削液的利用率，减少磨削液中残留杂质对加工质量及机床系统的不利影响。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">3</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">．实现高速高效磨削的主要途径</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"> <p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\"><p></p></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:24pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">要想实现高速高效磨削，主要有以下几种方法：一是提高砂轮速度。砂轮速度的提高，减小了磨削力，降低比磨削能，改善了切屑的形成。当砂轮速度达到超高速后，工件表面的温度随着砂轮速度的提高而降低。二是提高工件速度。提高工件速度可以避开临界温度，进入高速高效磨削区，工件表面的温度急剧下降，不会出现热破坏温度，砂轮能很快离开已磨削过的磨削表面，大部分的热量进入切屑和冷却液中。三是合理选择砂轮。</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:10pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-hansi-font-family:宋体\">CBN</span><span style=\"font-size:10pt;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:\'times new roman\'\">磨料具有硬度高、抗磨损能力大、高化学稳定性的特点，是高速高效磨削的理想磨料。浓度大的砂轮有较多的动态切削刃和较薄的切屑，使材料切除率大时磨削力减小。电镀立方氮化硼砂轮具有大的浓度，有最大的容屑空间，是最佳选择。</span></p> <p>学了一课!</p><p></p>
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