加工表面质量
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''"> 由于机械加工表面质量对机器零件的使用性能如耐磨性、接触刚度、疲劳强度、配合性质、抗腐蚀性能以及精度的稳定性能有很大的影响，因此对机器零件的重要表面应提出一定的表面质量要求。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <BR><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">加工表面质量包括两个反复面的内容：<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <BR> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">（<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">）已加工表面的几何形状特征，主要指已加工表面的粗糙度、波度和纹理方向。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <BR> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">（<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">）已加工表面层的物理品质，主要包括表面层的加工硬化程度及冷硬层深度，表面层残余应力的性质、大小及分布状况，加工表面层的金相组织变化。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <BR> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">已加工表面粗糙度<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <BR> 1. <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">表面粗糙度的形成原因及降低措施<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <BR> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">（<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">）切削加工表面粗糙度形成原因<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <BR> 1<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">）几何因素，几何因素所产生的表面粗糙度主要决定于残留面积高度（见图<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3-1<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">中的<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">H<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">）。</P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''"><P align=center><IMG src="http://www.chmcw.com/upload_files/article/20/1_kkgjqw.jpg" border=0></P><DIV> 图3-1 车削时的残留面积高度</DIV><DIV><DIV> 2） 物理因素，切削加工后表面的实际粗糙度最大值往往高于残留面积高度，这主要是因为在切削加工过程中还存在各种物理因素的影响。这些物理因素主要是积屑瘤、鳞刺、金属材料的塑性变形，以及工艺系统的振动等。 <BR> （2）降低切削加工表面粗糙度的措施 <BR> 1）刀具方面，增大刀尖圆弧半径rε，减小主偏角kr及副偏角k′r；使用长度比进给量稍大一些的修光刃（k′r=0°）；提高刀具刃磨质量，减小刀具前、后到面的粗糙值（抛光至Ra1.25μm以下）；采用较大的前角y0­­加工塑性大的材料；限制副刀刃上的磨损量；选用细粒的硬质合金切削谈素工具钢，用金刚石或矿物陶瓷刀具加工有色金属，高速钢刀具采用TiN涂层等。 <BR> 2）工件方面，切削低碳钢、低合金钢时，对工件进行调质处理；加工中碳钢及中碳合金钢时，若采用较高切削速度，工件应为珠光体组织，若采用较低切削速度，工件应为片状珠光体加细晶粒的铁素体组织；易切削钢中应含有硫、铅等元素；灰铸铁中石墨的颗粒尺寸应小。 <BR> 3）切削条件反复面，以较高的切削速度切削塑性材料，减小进给量（见图3-2）；采用高效切削液；提高机床运动精度，增强工艺系统刚度等。</DIV><DIV><P align=center><IMG src="http://www.chmcw.com/upload_files/article/20/1_3v8e8j.jpg" border=0></P><DIV> 图3-2 切削速度及进给量对表面粗糙度的影响</DIV><DIV> 工件：35钢，刀具：YT15，切削深度a<SUB>p</SUB>=0.5mm</DIV><DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''"><FONT face=Verdana> </FONT>（<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">）磨削表面粗糙形成原因及降低措施磨削表面粗糙度形成原因既有几何因素（残留面积），也有塑性变形、软化、微熔等物理因素，以及工艺系统振动的印象，因此降低磨削表面粗糙度的主要措施是：<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <BR> 1<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">）砂轮特性方面，采用细粒度砂轮（砂轮粒度号一般不超过<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">80<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">号，常用的是<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">46~60<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">号）；根据工件材料、磨料等选择适宜的砂轮轮硬度（通常选用中软砂轮）；刚玉或氧化铝类砂轮适于磨削各种钢制零件，碳化硅类砂轮适于磨削硬质合金、铸铁、黄铜、铝等，人造金刚石砂轮适于加工光学玻璃、陶瓷，立方氮化硼砂轮可用于磨削高硬度、高强度钢；组织紧密的砂轮适用于精磨、成形磨削，中等组织的砂轮适用于一般磨削，疏松组织的砂轮适用于粗磨、平面磨、内圆磨、以及热敏感性较强的材料、软金属和薄壁工件的磨削；增大砂轮宽度，采用直径较大砂轮等。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <BR> 2<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">）磨削条件反复面。降低工件速度，提高砂轮转速；采用较小的纵向进给量、磨削深度（背吃刀量），最后进行无进给光磨；砂轮修整要细，静，动平衡精度要高；正确选用切削液的种类、浓度比、压力、流量和清洁度；提高机床主轴的回转精度、工作台运动的平稳性以及整个工艺系统的刚度。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <BR> 2. <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">各种加工方法能达到的表面粗糙度（见表<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3-31<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">）。</DIV><DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''"> 表3-31 各种加工反复法能达到的表面粗糙度 <TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1><TBODY><TR><TD colSpan=3><DIV align=center>加工方法</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>表面粗糙度R<SUB>a</SUB>/μm</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=3><DIV align=center>加工方法</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>表面粗糙度R<SUB>a</SUB>/μm</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=3><DIV align=center>自动气割、带锯或圆盘割断</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>50~12.5</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=6><DIV align=center>铰孔</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=3><DIV align=center>精铰（二次铰）</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>铸铁</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3.2~0.8</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=3><DIV align=center>切断</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>车</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>50~12.5</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>钢、轻合金</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>1.6~0.8</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>铣</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>25~12.5</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>黄铜、青铜</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8`0.4</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>砂轮</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3.2~1.6</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=3><DIV align=center>精密铰</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>钢</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.81~0.2</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=5><DIV align=center>车削外圆</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>组车</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>12.5~3.2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>轻合金</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.4</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>半精车</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>6.3~3.2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>黄铜、青铜</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.2`0.1</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD><DIV align=center>非金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3.2~1.6</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=3><DIV align=center>圆柱铣刀铣削</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>粗</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>12.5~3.2</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>精车</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3.2~0.8</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3.2~0.8</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD><DIV align=center>非金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>1.6~0.4</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精密</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.4</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>车削外圆</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>精密车（或金刚石车）</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.2</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=3><DIV align=center>端铣刀铣削</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>粗</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>12.5~3.2</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD><DIV align=center>非金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.4~0.1</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3.2~0.4</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=7><DIV align=center>车削端面</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>粗车</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>12.5~6.3</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精密</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.2</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>半精车</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>6.3~3.2</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>高速铣削</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>粗</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>1.6~0.8</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD><DIV align=center>非金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>6.3~1.6</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.4~0.2</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>精车</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>6.3~1.6</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=4><DIV align=center>刨削</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>粗</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>12.5~6.3</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD><DIV align=center>非金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>6.3~1.6</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3.2~1.6</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>精密车</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.4</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精密</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.2</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD><DIV align=center>非金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.2</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>槽的表面</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>6.3~3.2</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>切槽</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>一次行程</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>12.5</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>插削</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>粗</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>25~12.5</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>二次行程</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>6.3~3.2</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>6.3~1.6</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=3 rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>高速车削</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>0.8~0.2</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=7><DIV align=center>镗孔</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>粗镗</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>12.5~6.3</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>半精镗</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>6.3~3.2</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>钻</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>15mm</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>6.3~3.2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>非金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>6.3~1.6</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>15mm</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>25~6.3</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>精镗</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3.2~0.8</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>扩孔</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>粗（有表皮）</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>12.5~6.3</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>非金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>1.6~0.4</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>6.3~1.6</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>精密镗（或金刚石镗）</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.2</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=3><DIV align=center>锪倒角（孔的）</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3.2~1.6</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>非金属</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.4~0.2</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=3><DIV align=center>带导向的锪平面</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>6.3~3.2</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=3><DIV align=center>高速镗</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.2</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>铰孔</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>半精铰（一西铰）</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>钢</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>6.3~3.2</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>拉削</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>1.6~0.4</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD><DIV align=center>黄铜</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>6.3~1.6</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精密</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.2~0.1</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>推削</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.2</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=6><DIV align=center>螺纹加工</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=4><DIV align=center>切削</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>板牙、丝锥、字开式板牙头</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3.2~0.8</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精密</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.4~0.025</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>车刀或梳刀车、铣</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>6.3~0.8</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=5><DIV align=center>外圆磨内圆磨</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>半精（一次加工）</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>6.3~0.8</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>磨</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.2</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>研磨</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.050</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精密</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.2~0.1</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>滚轧</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>搓丝模</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>1.6~0.8</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精密、超精密磨削</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.050~0.025</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>滚丝模</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>1.6~0.2</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>镜面磨削（外圆磨）</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>＜0.050</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=10><DIV align=center>齿轮及花键盘加工</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=8><DIV align=center>切削</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>粗滚</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3.2~1.6</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>平面镜</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.4</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>精滚</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>1.6~0.8</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精密</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.2~0.05</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>精插</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>1.6~0.8</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>珩磨</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>粗（一次加工）</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>精刨</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3.2~0.8</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精、精密</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.2~0.025</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>拉</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3.2~1.6</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=3><DIV align=center>研磨</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>粗</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.4~0.2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>剃</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.2</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.2~0.05</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>磨</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.1</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精密</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>＜0.050</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>研</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.4~0.2</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=3><DIV align=center>超精加工</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.1</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>滚轧</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>热轧</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.4</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精密</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.1~0.05</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>冷轧</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.2~0.1</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>镜面加工（二次加工）</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>＜0.025</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=3><DIV align=center>刮</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>粗</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3.2~0.8</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=5><DIV align=center>抛光</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.8~0.1</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2 rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>精</DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>0.4~0.05</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>精密</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.1~0.025</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>砂带抛光</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.2~0.1</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=3><DIV align=center>滚压加工</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0.4~0.05</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>砂布抛光</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>1.6~0.1</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=3><DIV align=center>钳工锉削</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>12.5~0.8</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>电抛光</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>1.6~0.012</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=3><DIV align=center>砂轮清理</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>50~6.3</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV><DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''"> </DIV></DIV></DIV>
页:
[1]