切削液的选择与应用
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''"> （<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial">1<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">）切削液的选择：切削液的效果，除了取决于切削液本身的性能外，还取决于工件材料、刀具材料和加工方法等因素，选择时应综合考虑。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"><BR> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">粗加工和半精加工时切削热量大，因此，切削液的作用应以冷却散热为主。精加工和超精加工时，为了获得良好的已加工表面质量，切削液应以润滑为主。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"><BR> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">硬质合金刀具的耐热性较好，一般可不用切削液。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"><BR> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">由于难加工材料的切削加工均处于高温高压边界润滑摩擦状态，因此，宜选用极压切削油或极压乳化液。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"><BR> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">磨削的特点是温度高，会产生大量的细屑和砂粒，因此磨削液应有较好的冷却性和清洗性，并应有一定的润滑性和防锈性。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"><BR> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">各种加工情况下的切削液的选择可参考表<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial">2-11<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">。</P><P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''"> 表2-11 切削液选用参考表 </P><P><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1><TBODY><TR><TD colSpan=3><DIV align=center>工件材料</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>碳钢、合金钢</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>不锈钢</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>耐热合金</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>铸铁</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>铜及其合金</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>铝及其合金</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=3><DIV align=center>刀具材料</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>高速钢</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>硬质合金</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>高速钢</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>硬质合金</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>高速钢</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>硬质合金</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>高速钢</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>硬质合金</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>高速钢</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>硬质合金</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>高速钢</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>硬质合金</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=11><DIV align=center>加工方法</DIV><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>车削</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>粗车</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3、1、7.</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3、1、</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>7、4、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、4、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>2、4、7</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>8、2、4</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3、1</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3、1</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3、0</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD><DIV align=center>精车</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>4、7</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、2、7</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>7、4、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、4、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>2、8、4</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>8、4</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、6</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、6</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、6</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、6</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>铣削</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>端铣</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>4、2、7、</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>7、4、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、4、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>2、4、7</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、8</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3、1</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3、1</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD><DIV align=center>铣槽</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>4、2、7、</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>7、4</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>7、4、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>7、4、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>2、8、4</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>8、4</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、6</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、6</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、6</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、6</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>钻削</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3、1</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3、1</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>8、4、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>8、4、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>2、8、4</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>2、8、4</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3、1</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3、1</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3、2</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>铰削</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>7、8、4、</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>7、8、4</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>8、7、4</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>8、7、4</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>8、7</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>8、7</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、6</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、6</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>5、7</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、5、7</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、5、7</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、5、7</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>功螺纹</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>7、8、4、</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>8、7、4</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>8、7</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、6</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>5、7</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、5、7</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>拉削</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>7、4、8、</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>8、7、4</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>8、7</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>3、5</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3、5</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>滚齿、插齿</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>7、8</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>8、7、4</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>8、7</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、3</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>5、7</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>0、5、7</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center> </DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD rowSpan=2><DIV align=center>磨削</DIV></TD><TD><DIV align=center>粗磨</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>1、3</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>4、2</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>4、2</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>1、3</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>1</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>1</DIV></TD></TR><TR><TD><DIV align=center>精磨</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>1、3</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>4、2</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>4、2</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>1、3</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>1</DIV></TD><TD colSpan=2><DIV align=center>1</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P><P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''"> 注：本表中数字代表意义如下：<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"><BR> 0— <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">干切削<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"> 1—<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">润滑性不强的化学合成液<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"> 2—<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">润滑性较好的化学合成液<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"> 3—<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">普通乳化液<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"> 4—<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">极压乳化液<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"> 5—<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">普通切削油<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"> 6—<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">煤油<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"> 7—<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">含硫、氯的极压切削油或植物油和矿物油的复合油<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"> 8—<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">含硫氯、氯磷或硫氯磷的极压切削油。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"><BR> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black">①<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ''''''''Times New Roman''''''''"> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">磨削时刀具材料为砂轮。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"><BR> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">（<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial">2<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">）<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">切削液的使用方法<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"><BR> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">普遍使用的方法是浇注法，由于切削液流速慢（<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial">υ<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">＜<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial">10m/s<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">）、压力低（<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial">p<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">＜<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial">0.05MPa<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">），难于直接渗透入最高温度区，因此，仅用于普通金属切削机床的切削加工。加工时，应尽量将切削液浇注到切削区。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"><BR> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">对于深孔加工，难加工材料的加工，以及高速强力磨削，应采用高压冷却法。切削时切削有液工作压力约为<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial">1~10MPa<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">，流量为<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial">50~150L/min<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"><BR> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-ascii-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''; mso-hansi-font-family: ''''''''ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial''''''''">喷雾冷却法是一种较好的使用切削液的方法，适于难加工材料的车削、铣削、功螺纹、孔加工等以及刀具的刃磨。加工时，切削液被压缩空气通过喷雾装置雾化，并被高速喷射到切削区。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></P><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥,Verdana,Arial"><o:p></o:p>
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